Americas

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File:LocationAmericas.png
World map showing the Americas
File:N&SAmerica-pol.jpg
CIA political map of the Americas in an equal-area projection

The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or (generally) the New World, consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people). The Americas may alternatively be referred to as America;[1][2] however, America may be ambiguous, as it is commonly used to refer to the United States of America.

Contents

History

Main article: History of the Americas

Formation

South America broke off from the west of the supercontinent Gondwanaland around 135 million years ago (Ma), forming its own continent.[3] Starting around 15 Ma, the collision of the Caribbean Plate and the Pacific Plate resulted in a series of volcanoes along the border that created a number of islands. The gaps in the archipelago of Central America filled in with material eroded off North America and South America, plus new land created by continued volcanism. By 3 Ma, the continents of North America and South America were linked by the Isthmus of Panama, thereby forming the single landmass of the Americas.[4]

Settlement

Archaeological finds establish the widespread presence of the Clovis culture in North America and South America around 10,000 BCE.[5] Whether this is the first migration of humans into North America and South America is disputed, with alternative theories holding that humans arrived in North America and South America as early as around 40,000 BCE[citation needed].

European colonization
of the Americas
History of the Americas
British colonization
Courland colonization
Danish colonization
Dutch colonization
French colonization
German colonization
Norse colonization
Portuguese colonization
Russian colonization
Scottish colonization
Spanish colonization
Swedish colonization
Decolonization

The Inuit migrated into the Arctic section of North America in another wave of migration, arriving around 1000 CE.[6] Around the same time as the Inuit migrated into North America, Viking settlers began arriving in Greenland in 982 and Vinland shortly thereafter.[7] The Viking settlers quickly abandoned Vinland, and disappeared from Greenland by 1500.[8]

Large-scale European colonization of the Americas began shortly after the voyages of Christopher Columbus starting in 1492. The spread of new diseases brought by Europeans and Africans killed most of the inhabitants of North America and South America,[9][10] with a general population crash of Native Americans occurring in the mid-sixteenth century, often well ahead of European contact.[11] Native peoples and European colonizers came into widespread conflict, resulting in what David Stannard has called a genocide of the indigenous populations.[12] Early European immigrants were often part of state-sponsored attempts to found colonies in the Americas. Migration continued as people moved to the Americas fleeing religious persecution or seeking economic opportunities. Millions of individuals were forcibly transported to the Americas as slaves, prisoners or indentured servants.

Naming

File:Waldseemuller map 2.jpg
World Map of Waldseemüller which first named America (in the map over Paraguay). Germany, 1507

The earliest known use of the name America for this particular landmass dates from April 25, 1507. It appears first on a small globe map with twelve time zones, and then a large wall map created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in France. Nearby Strasbourg was energized by the Renaissance Spirit of science and innovation. Here the Duke of Lorraine purchased the latest invention of a printing press and recruited a think tank of experts to render a new image of earth as a planet, using the reported findings of European explorers. An accompanying book, Cosmographiae Introductio, explains that the name was derived from the Latinized version of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci's name, Americus Vespucius, in its feminine form, America, as the other continents all have Latin feminine names.[13]

Vespucci's role in the naming issue, like his exploratory activity, is unclear. Some sources say that he was unaware of the widespread use of his name to refer to the new landmass. Waldseemüller may have been misled by the Soderini Letter, claimed by some to be a forgery, which implies that it was discovered first by Amerigo Vespucci. Christopher Columbus, who had first brought the region's existence to the attention of Renaissance era voyagers, had died in 1506 (believing, to the end, that he had discovered and colonized part of Asia[citation needed]) and could not protest Waldseemüller's decision.

Another objection is that new countries and continents were never named after an explorer's first name, hence Tasmania (after Abel Tasman), Van Diemen's Land (after Anthony van Diemen) and The Cook Islands (after Captain James Cook). The only exceptions to this were places named after royal people, hence the Victoria Falls. Therefore, under this principle America would have been called Vespuccia.[14]

A few alternative theories regarding the landmass's naming have been proposed, but none of them have achieved any widespread acceptance.

File:MapaAméricaJonghe.JPG
Map of America by Jonghe, c. 1770.

One alternative, first advanced by Jules Marcou in 1875 and later recounted by novelist Jan Carew, is that the name America derives from the district of Amerrique in Nicaragua.[15] The gold-rich district of Amerrique was purportedly visited by both Vespucci and Columbus, for whom the name became synonymous with gold. According to Marcou, Vespucci later applied the name to the New World, and even changed the spelling of his own name from Alberigo to Amerigo to reflect the importance of the discovery.[citation needed]

Another theory, first proposed by a Bristol antiquary and naturalist, Alfred Hudd, in 1908 was that America is derived from Richard Amerike (Richard ap Meurig), a Welsh merchant from Bristol, who is believed to have financed John Cabot's voyage of discovery from England to Newfoundland in 1497 as found in some documents from Westminster Abbey a few decades ago. Supposedly, Bristol fishermen had been visiting the coast of North America for at least a century before Columbus' voyage and Waldseemüller's maps are alleged to incorporate information from the early English journeys to North America. The theory holds that a variant of Amerike's name appeared on an early English map (of which no copies survive) and that this was the true inspiration for Waldseemüller.[16][17][18]

Geography

Further information: Geography of North America and Geography of South America

Extent

The northernmost point of the Americas is Kaffeklubben Island, which is the northernmost point of land on Earth.[19] The southernmost point is the islands of Southern Thule, although they are sometimes considered part of Antarctica.[20] The easternmost point is Nordostrundingen. The westernmost point is Attu Island.

The mainland of the Americas is the longest north-to-south landmass on Earth. At its longest, it stretches roughly 14,000 kilometres, from the Boothia Peninsula in northern Canada to Cape Froward in Chilean Patagonia. The westernmost point of the mainland of the Americas is the end of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska, while Ponta do Seixas in northeastern Brazil forms the mainland's easternmost extremity.[21]

Topography

File:Aconcagua - Argentina - January 2005 - by Sergio Schmiegelow.jpg
Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas

The western geography of the Americas is dominated by the American cordillera, with the Andes running along the west coast of South America[22] and the Rocky Mountains and other Pacific Coast Ranges running the western side of North America.[23] The 2300 km long Appalachian Mountains run along the east coast of North America from Alabama to Newfoundland.[24] North of the Appalachians, the Arctic Cordillera runs along the eastern coast of Canada.[25]

Between its coastal mountain ranges, North America has vast flat areas. The Interior Plains spread over much of the continent with low relief.[26] The Canadian Shield covers almost 5 million km² of North America and is generally quite flat.[27] Similarly, the north-east of South America is covered by the flat Amazon Basin.[28] The Brazilian Highlands on the east coast are fairly smooth but show some variations in landform, while further south the Gran Chaco and Pampas are broad lowlands.[29]

Hydrology

With coastal mountains and interior plains, the Americas have several large river basins that drain the continents. The largest river basin in South America is that of the Amazon, which has the highest volume flow of any river on Earth.[30] The largest river basin in North America is that of the Mississippi, covering the second largest watershed on the planet.[31] The second largest watershed of South America is that of the Paraná River, which covers about 2.5 million km².[32]

Demography

Population

File:México City at Night 2005.jpg
Mexico City is the most populous city in the Americas
File:Newyorkcity groundzero.jpg
New York City is the second most populous city in the Americas
File:Ponte estaiada Octavio Frias - Sao Paulo.jpg
São Paulo is the third most populous city in the Americas
File:Buenos Aires CBD.jpg
Buenos Aires, Argentina It is the fourth most populous city of the Americas.

The total population of the Americas is 858,000,000 people per the United Nations' Population and Vital Statistics Report, and is divided as follows:

See also:

Ethnology

The population of the Americas is made up of the descendants of eight large ethnic groups and their combinations.

The majority of the population live in Latin America, named for its predominant cultures (including the two dominant languages, Spanish and Portuguese, both neolatin) whose roots lie in Latin Europe, more specifically in the iberian nations of Portugal and Spain (hence the use of the term Ibero-America as a synonym). Latin America is typically contrasted with Anglo-America (where English, a Germanic language, is prevalent) which comprises Canada (with the exception of francophone Canada rooted in Latin Europe (France): see Québec and Acadia) and the United States. Both are located in North America and present predominantly Anglo-Saxon and Germanic roots.

Religion

The most prevalent faiths in the Americas are as follows:

Other faiths include Sikhism; Buddhism; Hinduism; Bahá'í; a wide variety of indigenous religions, many of which can be categorized as animistic; and many African and afro-derived religions, especially in Brazil. Syncretic faiths can also be found throughout the continent.

Languages

File:Idiomas de américa.png
Languages spoken in the Americas

Various languages are spoken in the Americas. Some are of European origin, others are spoken by indigenous peoples or are the mixture of various idioms like the different creoles.

The dominant language of Latin America is Spanish, though the largest nation in Latin America, Brazil, speaks Portuguese. Small enclaves of French- and English-speaking regions also exist in Latin America, notably in French Guiana and Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast, respectively, and Haitian Creole, of French origin, is dominant in the nation of Haiti. Native languages are more prominent in Latin America than in Anglo-America, with Nahuatl, Quechua, Aymara and Guaraní as the most common. Various other native languages are spoken with lesser frequency across both Anglo-America and Latin America. Creole languages other than Haitian Creole are also spoken in parts of Latin America.

The dominant language of Anglo-America, as the name suggests, is English. French is also official in Canada, where it is the predominant language in Québec and an official language in New Brunswick along with English. It is also an important language in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Spanish has become widely spoken in parts of the United States due to heavy immigration from Latin America. High levels of immigration in general have brought great linguistic diversity to Anglo-America, with over 300 languages known to be spoken in the United States alone, but most languages are spoken only in small enclaves and by relatively small immigrant groups.

The nations of Guyana, Suriname, and Belize are generally considered not to fall into either Anglo-America or Latin America due to lingual differences with Latin America and geographic and cultural differences with Anglo-America; English is the primary language of Guyana and Belize, and Dutch is the official and written language of Suriname.

Most of the non-native languages have, to different degrees, evolved differently from the mother country, but are usually still mutually intelligible. Some have combined, however, which has even resulted in completely new languages, such as Papiamentu, which is a combination of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch (representing the respective colonizers), native Arawak, various African languages, and, more recently, English. Because of immigration, there are many communities where other languages are spoken from all parts of the world, especially in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Canada, four very important destinations for immigrants.

File:Montreal Twilight Panorama 2006.jpg
Montreal, North America's largest Francophone metropolis

Terminology

Further information: Americas (terminology)
Subdivisions of the Americas
Map Legend
100px

     North America (NA)      South America (SA)      May be included in
       either NA or SA

100px

     North America (NA)      May be included in NA      Central America      Caribbean      South America

100px

     North America (NA)      May be included in NA        Northern America      Middle America (MA)      Caribbean (may be
        included in MA)      South America (SA)      May be included
        in MA or SA

100px

     Anglo-America (A-A)      May be included in A-A      Latin America (LA)      May be included in LA

File:Spanish Empire-Americas.png
The Spanish American colonies at their maximum extent (after the Peace of Paris, 1783)

America/Americas

In many parts of the world, America in the singular is commonly used as a name for the United States of America; however, (the) Americas (plural with s and generally with the definite article) invariably refers to the lands and regions of North America and South America combined. Usage of America to also refer to this collectivity remains fairly common[48]; for example, the International Olympic Committee reckons America as one of the five inhabited continents, which is depicted in the Olympic logo.[49]

While many in the United States of America and other countries generally refer to the country as America and US residents/citizens as Americans,[50] many people elsewhere in the Americas resent what they perceive as misappropriation[51] of the term in this context and, thus, this usage is frequently avoided.[52][53][54] In Canada, their southern neighbor is seldom referred to as "America", with the United States, the U.S., or (informally) the States used instead.[53] English dictionaries and compendiums differ regarding usage and rendition.[55][56][57]

American

Main article: Use of the word American

English usage

Whether usage of America or the Americas is preferred, American is a self-referential term for many people living in the Americas. However, much of the English-speaking world uses the word to refer solely to a citizen, resident, or national of the United States of America. Instead, the word pan-American is sometimes used as an unambiguous adjective to refer to the Americas.

In addition, many Canadians resent being referred to as Americans because of mistaken assumptions that they are U.S. citizens or an inability—particularly of people overseas—to distinguish Canadian English and American English accents.[53]

Spanish usage

In Spanish, América is the name of a region considered a single continent composed of the subcontinents of Sudamérica and Norteamérica, the land bridge of Centroamérica, and the islands of the Antillas. Americano/a in Spanish refers to a person from América in a similar way that europeo or europea refers to a person from Europa. The terms sudamericano/a, centroamericano/a, antillano/a and norteamericano/a can be used to more specifically refer to the location where a person may live.

Citizens of the United States of America are normally referred to by the term estadounidense instead of americano or americana, and the country's name itself is often translated as Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Also, the term norteamericano may refer to a citizen of the United States. This term is primarily used to refer to citizens of the United States, rarely those of other North American countries.[58]

Portuguese usage

In Portuguese, the word americano refers to the whole of the Americas. But, in Brazil and Portugal, it is widely used to refer to the citizens of the United States. Sometimes norte-americano is also used, but americano is the most common term employed by people and media at large, while norte-americano (North American) is more common in books. The least ambiguous term, estadunidense (used more frequently in Brazil) or estado-unidense (used more frequently in Portugal), something like "United Statian" or "estadounidense" in Spanish language), and "ianque"—the Portuguese version of "Yankee"—are also used, though almost exclusively in academic language.

América, however, is not that frequently used as synonym to the country, and almost exclusively in current speech, while in print and in more formal environments the US is usually called either Estados Unidos da América (i.e. United States of America) or only Estados Unidos (i.e. United States). There is some difference between the usage of these words in Portugal and in Brazil, the Brazilians being less prone than the Portuguese to apply the term América to the country. A well-known example of such use is the translation of the title of Alain Resnais' movie "Mon Oncle d'Amérique": "O Meu Tio da América".

French usage

In French, as in English, the word Américain can be confusing as it can be used to refer either to the United States, or to the American continents.

The noun Amérique sometimes refers to the whole as one continent, and sometimes two continents, southern and northern; the United States is generally referred to as les États-Unis d'Amérique, les États-Unis, or les USA. However, the usage of Amérique to refer to the United States, while technically not correct, does still have some currency in France.

The adjective américain is most often used for things relating to the United States; however, it may also be used for things relating to the American continents. Books by United States authors translated from English are often described as "traduit de l'américain".

Things relating to the United States can be referred to without ambiguity by the words états-unien, étasunien, or étatsunien, although their usage is rare.

Dutch usage

In Dutch, the word Amerika mostly refers to the United States. Although the United States is equally often referred to as de Verenigde Staten or de VS, Amerika relatively rarely refers to the Americas, but it is the only commonly used Dutch word for the Americas. This often leads to ambiguity and to stress that something concerns the Americas as a whole, Dutch uses a combination, namely Noord- en Zuid Amerika (North and South America).

Latin America is generally referred to as Latijns Amerika or, less frequently, Zuid Amerika (South America).

The adjective amerikaans is most often used for things or people relating to the United States. There are no alternative words to distinguish between things relating to the United States or to the Americas. Dutch uses the local alternative for things relating to elsewhere in the Americas, such as Argentijns for Argentinian etc.

Russian usage

In the 19th century in Russia the word "America" was used for a traditional continent such as Europe and Asia. In the 20th century these traditional continents are known as "parts of the world". Now the term "continent" means any of six large continuous landmasses (Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, and Australia). Now the word Ameriсa refers to the United States more often than to America as a "part of the world". There is no term equivalent to "Americas" in Russian.

Countries

File:Americas independence map.PNG
Map showing the dates of independence of the countries of the Americas. Black shows areas not independent.

There are 35 sovereign countries in the Americas, 23 in North America and 12 in South America:

Overseas regions and dependencies



Multinational organizations in the Americas

40x40px Look up americas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ america - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved on January 27, 2008.
  2. ↑ america. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/america (accessed: January 27, 2008).
  3. ↑ Brian C. Story (28 September 1995). "The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: case histories from Gondwanaland". Nature 377: 301–309. doi:10.1038/377301a0. 
  4. ↑ "Land bridge: How did the formation of a sliver of land result in major changes in biodiversity". Public Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/andes/bridge.html. 
  5. ↑ David S. Whitley and Ronald I. Dorn (1993). "New Perspectives on the Clovis versus Pre-Clovis Controversy" ([dead link] – Scholar search). American Antiquity: 626–647. http://www.jstor.org/view/00027316/ap010226/01a00040/0. 
  6. ↑ "Canadian Inuit History". Canadian Museum of Civilization. http://www.civilization.ca/educat/oracle/modules/dmorrison/page01_e.html. 
  7. ↑ "Vinland". Canadian Museum of Civilization. http://www.civilization.ca/educat/oracle/modules/rmcghee/page01_e.html. 
  8. ↑ "The Norse settlers in Greenland - A short history". Greenland Guide - The Official Travel Index. http://www.greenland-guide.gl/leif2000/history.htm. 
  9. ↑ Russell Thornton (1997). "Aboriginal North American Population and Rates of Decline, c.a. A.D. 1500–1900" ([dead link] – Scholar search). Current Anthropology 38 (2): 310–315. doi:10.1086/204615. http://www.jstor.org/view/00113204/dm991519/99p0234k/0?currentResult=00113204%2bdm991519%2b99p0234k%2b0%2c7F&searchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fsearch%2FBasicResults%3Fhp%3D25%26si%3D1%26gw%3Djtx%26jtxsi%3D1%26jcpsi%3D1%26artsi%3D1%26Query%3DNative%2BAmerican%2BDisease%26wc%3Don. 
  10. ↑ Alfred W. Crosby (April 1976). "Virgin Soil Epidemics as a Factor in the Aboriginal Depopulation in America". David and Mary Quarterly 33 (2): 289–299. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-5597%28197604%293%3A33%3A2%3C289%3AVSEAAF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X. 
  11. ↑ Henry F. Dobyns (1993). "Disease Transfer at Contact". Annual Review of Anthropology 22: 273–291. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.22.100193.001421. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0084-6570%281993%292%3A22%3C273%3ADTAC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R. 
  12. ↑ Staff. A review of American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World (by David Stannard), on the website of the Oxford University Press (the publishers)
  13. ↑ Cartographer put 'America' on the map 500 years ago - USATODAY.com
  14. ↑ Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: The Book of General Ignorance, page 110-11. Faber & Faber, 2006.
  15. ↑ George C. Hurlbut (1888). "The Origin of the Name "America"". Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York 20: 183–196. doi:10.2307/196759. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1536-0407%281888%2920%3C183%3ATOOTN%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P. 
  16. ↑ "BBC History - The Naming of America". BBC History website. BBC. 2001-10-01. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/americaname_03.shtml. Retrieved 2008-11-26. 
  17. ↑ "Davies. Wales and America, John Davies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth". North American Journal of Welsh Studies Volume 1, Number 1-2 (Winter-Summer 2001). North American Journal of Welsh Studies, Vol. 1, 1. 2001. http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~ellisjs/Davies.PDF. Retrieved 2008-11-26. 
  18. ↑ "The Xenophobe's Guide to the Welsh - Google Book Search". Google Book Search website. Oval Projects Ltd. 1999. p. 21. http://books.google.com/books?id=Fnw_sGlug84C&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=Richard+Ap+Meurig+America&source=web&ots=8WBtZ-1zm9&sig=T5skw5sRBc8rK2a5wWE0f0DElHQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result. Retrieved 2008-11-26. 
  19. ↑ Charles Burress (June 17, 2004). "Romancing the north Berkeley explorer may have stepped on ancient Thule". San Francisco Chronicle. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/06/17/BAG4J779M31.DTL&type=science. 
  20. ↑ "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica - Travel". http://www.coolantarctica.com/Travel/south_georgia_south_sandwich_islands.htm. 
  21. ↑ "America". The World Book Encyclopedia. 1. World Book, Inc. 2006. pp. 407. ISBN 0716601060. 
  22. ↑ "Andes Mountain Range". http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/andes.htm. 
  23. ↑ "Rocky Mountains". http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/wm146.htm. 
  24. ↑ "Appalachian Mountains". Ohio History Central. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2067. 
  25. ↑ "Arctic Cordillera". http://www.evergreen.ca/nativeplants/learn-more/arctic-cordillera.php. 
  26. ↑ "Interior Plains Region". http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/interior_plains_region.html. 
  27. ↑ "Natural History of Quebec". http://redpath-museum.mcgill.ca/Qbp/Natural%20History/nat_hist.html. 
  28. ↑ "Strategy". Amazon Conservation Association. http://www.amazonconservation.org/home/strategy.html. 
  29. ↑ "South America images". http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/southAmerica.htm. 
  30. ↑ "Greatest Places: Notes: Amazonia". http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/amazon.htm. 
  31. ↑ "Mississippi River". http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/ms137.htm. 
  32. ↑ "Great Rivers Partnership - Paraguay-Parana". http://www.nature.org/wherewework/greatrivers/samerica/. 
  33. ↑ CBC Montreal - Religion
  34. ↑ Mexico - MSN Encarta Encyclopedia - Mexico
  35. ↑ "Religión" (PDF). Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2000. INEGI. 2000. http://www.inegi.gob.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/censos/poblacion/2000/definitivos/Nal/tabulados/00re01.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 CIA - The World Factbook - United States
  37. ↑ The Daily, Tuesday, May 13, 2003. Census of Population: Income of individuals, families and households; religion
  38. ↑ The World Today - Catholics faced with rise in Protestantism
  39. ↑ Canadian Jewry Today: Portrait of a Community in the Process of Change - Ira Robinson
  40. ↑ First Planeload of Jews Fleeing Argentina Arrives in Israel
  41. ↑ Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census)
  42. ↑ Islam and Christianity: Islam in Mexico
  43. ↑ "Portuguese Facts". http://www.portugueselanguage.net/portuguese/facts.asp. 
  44. ↑ "Now Bolivia Can Do Windows". http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2006/08/71664. 
  45. ↑ Bambi B. Schieffelin; Rachelle Charlier Doucet (February 1994). "The "Real" Haitian Creole: Ideology, Metalinguistics, and Orthographic Choice". American Ethnologist 21 (1): 176–200. doi:10.1525/ae.1994.21.1.02a00090. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0094-0496%28199402%2921%3A1%3C176%3AT%22HCIM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D. 
  46. ↑ Mike Gasser. "A3 Languages cited in this book". http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Appendices/languages.html. 
  47. ↑ "American Indian & Alaska Native Heritage Month: November 2003". United States' Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features/001492.html. 
  48. ↑ Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder. 1993. (ISBN 0-27-642101-9) New York, USA: Reader's Digest Association; p. 45.
  49. ↑ The Olympic symbols. International Olympic Committee. 2002. Lausanne: Olympic Museum and Studies Centre. The five rings of the Olympic flag represent the five inhabited, participating continents (Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania).
  50. ↑ Burchfield, R. W. 2004. Fowler's Modern English Usage. (ISBN 0-19-861021-1) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; p. 48.
  51. ↑ "Uso abusivo", numeral 4 http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltGUIBusDPD?lema=Estados%20Unidos
  52. ↑ "American." The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ISBN 0-19-214183-X); McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 35.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 "America." Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage. (ISBN 0-19-541619-8) Fee, Margery and McAlpine, J., ed., 1997. Toronto: Oxford University Press; p. 36.
  54. ↑ "America." Microsoft Encarta Dictionary. 2007. Microsoft.
  55. ↑ America - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
  56. ↑ America - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  57. ↑ [1]
  58. ↑ Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas:Norteamérica

References

External links

v · d · eContinents of the world
See also Regions of the world
v · d · eRegions of the world
See also Continents of the world
v · d · eCountries and territories of the Americas
Sovereign statesAmericas
Dependencies and
other territories
af:Amerikas

als:Amerika (Doppelkontinent) ar:أمريكيتان an:America frp:Amèrica as:আমেৰিকা ast:América gn:Amérika ay:Amërika az:Amerika (qitə) bn:আমেরিকা অঞ্চল zh-min-nan:Bí-chiu be:Амерыка be-x-old:Амэрыка bcl:Amerika bar:Amerika bo:ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ bs:Amerika br:Amerika ca:Amèrica cs:Amerika cy:Yr Amerig da:Amerika de:Amerika dv:އެމެރިކާބައްރު nv:Kéyah dah si’ánígíí et:Ameerika el:Αμερική es:América eo:Ameriko ext:América eu:Amerika fa:قاره آمریکا hif:The Americas fr:Amérique ff:Aameerik fur:Americhis gd:Na h-Aimearagan gl:América gan:美洲 ko:아메리카 hsb:Amerika hr:Amerika io:Amerika ig:Amerikas id:Benua Amerika ia:America ie:Américas is:Ameríka it:Americhe he:אמריקה jv:Bawana Amérika ka:ამერიკა kw:Amerika sw:Amerika kv:Америка kg:Amelika ht:Amerik ku:Amerîka (parzemîn) lad:Amerika lo:ອະເມລິກາ (ທະວີບ) la:America lv:Amerika lt:Amerika lij:Americhe ln:Ameríka lmo:America hu:Amerika mk:Америка mg:Amerika mr:अमेरिका mzn:آمریکا ms:Benua Amerika mn:Америк nah:Ixachitlān nl:Amerika (continent) ja:アメリカ州 no:Amerika nn:Amerika nov:Amerikas oc:America ps:امريکا km:អាមេរិក pms:América tpi:Amerika (Kontinen) nds:Amerika pl:Ameryka pnt:Αμερικήν pt:América ro:America qu:Awya Yala ru:Америка sc:Ameriga sco:Americae st:Amerika sq:Amerika (kontinent) si:අ'මෙරිකා මහාද්වීප simple:The Americas ss:IMelika sk:Amerika szl:Amerika sr:Америке sh:Amerike fi:Amerikan manner sv:Amerika kab:Tamrikt th:ทวีปอเมริกา tg:Амрико to:ʻAmelika tr:Amerika Kıtası tk:Amerika uk:Америка ur:امریکین vec:Mèrica vi:Châu Mỹ fiu-vro:Ameeriga zh-classical:亞美利加洲 wo:Aamerig yi:אמעריקע zh-yue:美洲 diq:Amerika bat-smg:Amerėka zh:美洲

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