Cultural periods of Peru

From Perupedia

This is a chart of cultural periods of Peru and the Andean Region developed by Edward Lanning and used by some archaeologists studying the area. An alternative dating system was developed by Luis Lumbreras and provides different dates for some archaeological finds.

Most of the cultures of the Late Horizon and some of the cultures of the Late Intermediate joined the Inca empire by 1493, but the period ends in 1534 because that marks the fall of the Inca empire after the Spanish conquest. Most of the cut-off years mark either an end of a severe drought or the beginning of one. These marked a shift of the most productive farming to or from the mountains, and tended to mark the end of one culture and the rise of another.

The more recent findings concerning the Norte Chico civilization are not included on this list, as it was compiled before the site at Caral was investigated in detail.

Period	Dates	Cultures
Ceramic
Late Horizon	1476 CE – 1534 CE	Inca
Late Intermediate	1000 CE – 1476 CE	Chimú, Chincha, Cajamarca, Piura, Chancay, Chachapoyas, Chincha, Chiribaya, Chucuito, Huaman Huilca, Ilo, Qotu Qotu, Pacacocha, Palli Marca, Piura, Sican, Tajaraca, Huaylas, Conchucos, Huamachuco, Rucanas, Chanka, Aymara nations, Ayabaca, Bracamoros, Huancabambas, Tallan culture, Huarco, Ichma, Parinacota, Cuntis, Chinchaycochas, Huarochiri, Kheswas, Tarmas, Paltas, Camanas
Middle Horizon	600 CE – 1000 CE	Huari, Tiwanaku, Piura
Early Intermediate	200 CE – 600 CE	Moche, Nazca, Lima, Tiwanaku, Pechiche, Piura
Early Horizon	900 BCE – 200 CE	Chavín, Cupisnique, Late Chiripa, Paracas, Pechiche, Sechura
Initial Period	1800/1500 BCE – 900 BCE	Early Chiripa, Kotosh, Toríl (The Cumbe Mayo aqueduct was built c. 1000 BCE)
Preceramic
Period VI	2500 BCE – 1500/1800 BCE	Norte Chico (Caral), Buena Vista, Casavilca, Culebras, Ventarrón, Viscachani, Huaca Prieta
Period V	4200 BCE – 2500 BCE	Honda, Lauricocha III, Viscachani,
Period IV	6000 BCE – 4200 BCE	Ambo, Canario, Siches, Lauricocha II, Luz, Toquepala II
Period III	8000 BCE – 6000 BCE	Arenal, Chivateros II, Lauricocha I, Playa Chira, Puyenca, Toquepala I
Period II	9500 BCE – 8000 BCE	Chivateros I, Lauricocha I
Period I	? BCE – 9500 BCE	Oquendo, Red Zone (central coast)

Alternative timeline by Luis Lumbreras:

Period	Dates	Cultures
Ceramic
Tawantinsuyu Empire	1430 CE – 1532 CE	Incas
Regional States	1200 CE – 1470 CE	Huari, Chimú, Chincha, Chanka Confederation
Huari Empire	800 CE – 1200 CE	Huari, Tiwanaku
Regional Development	100 CE – 800 CE	Moche, Nazca, Lima, Tiwanaku, Recuay, Gallinazo
Formative	900 BCE – 200 CE	Chavín, Vicus
Preceramic
Archaic	4000 BCE – 1200/1800 BCE
Lithic	4000 BCE – 1500 BCE

See also

• Amazonas before the Inca Empire
• The Pre-Incan Lost Pyramid of Puñay

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References

Edward P. Lanning, 1967 Peru Before the Incas. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., ISBN 0-13-661595-3be:Дакалумбава храналогія Перу ka:პერუს კოლუმბამდელი ისტორია la:Aetates culturales in Peruvia lt:Sąrašas:Peru kultūros periodai mk:Културни периоди на Перу ja:プレ・インカ nn:Kulturelle periodar i Peru ru:Доколумбова хронология Перу fi:Keski-Andien intiaanikulttuurit uk:Культурні періоди Перу